The AAS experiment for probing the cosmological 21 cm global signal on Antarctic Ice Sheet

The red-shifted 21cm line of neutral hydrogen offers a unique probe into the intergalactic medium and the first star/galaxy during the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization. However, detecting this signal faces significant challenges due to man-made radio-frequency interference (RFI) and systematics such as ground effects. The interior of the Antarctic continent provides an excellent location for these observations, due to minimal radio frequency interference, and relatively stable foreground. Moreover, a flat plateau on center Antarctica, with more than a 2000-meter deep ice cap, simplifies the radio wave around the probing antenna. \\ \hspace*2emThis study investigates the advantages of implementing the cosmological 21 cm experiments in Antarctica, then details a 21 cm \textbfAntartic glob\textbfAl \textbfSpectrum (AAS) experiment deployed on the Antarctic ice cap, including instrumental design, system calibration, and implementation of the instrument optimized for extreme cold, capable of long-term autonomous operation. Preliminary results demonstrate the system's effectiveness in detecting the 21 cm signal and confirm the advantages of Antarctica as an ideal observational site for radio cosmology.