Localization and Radiation Analysis of Interference Sources Based on UAV Platform

With the widespread use of 5G, low-power, and WiFi wireless devices, radio telescopes are facing increasingly severe interference. These telescopes are usually in areas with complex terrain, making it difficult to accurately locate hidden interference sources using traditional methods and complicating troubleshooting. To address this, this paper proposes an interference source localization and electromagnetic analysis system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform, aiming to accurately determine the location of interference sources and their radiation distribution in two-dimensional space.The system constructs a spatial multi-baseline switching function based on an airborne circular five-antenna array and a microwave switch matrix. High-precision intersection localization of interference sources is achieved through multi-baseline coherent interferometry, with a localization angle accuracy better than 5 degrees. The digital signal processing part of the system utilizes a zero-intermediate-frequency receiver architecture based on the AD9361, which enables monitoring of signals within the frequency band of 100 MHz to 6 GHz.In terms of electromagnetic situation analysis, the system combines the flight trajectory of the UAV to record signal strength and position information in real-time, and generates an electric field strength distribution map of the interference source in a two-dimensional space. This not only helps to accurately determine the location of the interference source but also effectively assesses the scope of its impact on the radio telescope.Field test verification demonstrates that the system can provide robust data support for interference source identification, localization, and the planning and management of radio protection zones in radio astronomy operations, thereby significantly enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of interference source troubleshooting.